Canadian Society for Medical Laboratory Science (CSMLS) Practice Exam

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What substance indicates kidney damage in urinalysis?

Glucose
Bilirubin
Protein
Ketones

The correct answer is: Protein

The presence of protein in the urine is a key indicator of kidney damage. In a healthy individual, the kidneys effectively filter out waste products and retain essential proteins in the bloodstream. However, when the kidneys are damaged or not functioning correctly, they may allow protein to leak into the urine. This condition is known as proteinuria and can be an early sign of kidney disease. Monitoring protein levels in urinalysis is critical for diagnosing and managing various forms of kidney dysfunction, including glomerulonephritis and diabetic nephropathy. Hence, the detection of abnormal protein levels serves as an important diagnostic tool in assessments of kidney health. Other substances such as glucose and ketones can indicate different conditions, like diabetes, while bilirubin suggests liver dysfunction rather than kidney damage. Therefore, protein is specifically linked to assessing renal health and potential damage.