Canadian Society for Medical Laboratory Science (CSMLS) Practice Exam

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What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Protein synthesis
Energy production
Modification and packaging of proteins
DNA replication

The correct answer is: Modification and packaging of proteins

The Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in the post-translational modification and packaging of proteins that have been synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum. After proteins are produced, they are transported to the Golgi apparatus, where they undergo various modifications, such as glycosylation (the addition of carbohydrate groups) and phosphorylation. These modifications are vital for determining the functional properties of the proteins and for ensuring they are correctly sorted and dispatched to their destined locations within the cell or secreted outside the cell. The Golgi apparatus also packages the modified proteins into vesicles that facilitate their transport, making it a central hub for protein processing within the cell. In contrast, other functions highlighted in the options serve entirely different biological purposes. Protein synthesis occurs primarily in ribosomes, energy production takes place in organelles like mitochondria, and DNA replication is carried out in the nucleus. Each of these processes is essential for cellular function, but they are separate from the specific roles of the Golgi apparatus.